Major Points: 3.1 Matter Matter- the"stuff" of which the universe is composed, has two characteristics: it has mass and it occupies space.
States of Matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
3.2 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes Physical Properties: the characteristics of a substances. - intrinsic: does not change. ex- density, color, odor, boiling point, freezing point, and melting point. - extrinsic: can change. ex- mass, volume, length, and dimension
Chemical Properties: refers to its ability to form new substances.
Physical Changes- does not affect the composition of the substance.
Chemical Changes- changes into different substances.
3.3 Elements and Compounds Elements- a series of fundamental substances. Elements cannot be broken down into other substances.
Compounds- the atoms of certain elements bind together in special ways.
3.4 Mixtures and Pure Substances Mixture- something that has variable composition. -homogeneous mixture- also called a solution, the same throughout - heterogenous mixture- contains regions that have different properties from those of other regions.
Pure Substance- will always have the same composition.
3.5 Separation of Mixtures Distillation- for example, seawater is water containing dissolved minerals. We can separate the water from the minerals by boiling, which changes the water into steam and leaves the mineral behind as a solid. If we cool the steam, it condenses to pure water. Filtration- for example, we have a saltwater solution. We pour the mixture onto a mesh, such as a filter paper, which allows the liquid to pass through and leaves the solid behind.